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Bioelectronic Synergy Lab

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Advanced Materials Technologies journal cover featuring the lab's work
Small journal cover featuring drawn-on-skin sensors

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Showing all 28 papers

University of Houston

2025

  1. 28 Exploded schematic of a stretchable complementary integrated device, stacking a PDMS encapsulation, EGaIn and AgNW/PDMS interconnects, a complementary inverter array of s-CNT and m-CNT-doped N2200 dual-type transistors, and a triboelectric nanogenerator touch-pad array.
  2. 27
    Research article Cardiac

    Bioprinted Optoelectronically Active Cardiac Tissues

    F. Ershad† , Z. Rao† , S. Maharajan† , F. C. Paccola Mesquita , J. Ha , L. Gonzalez , T. Haideri , E. Curty da Costa , A. Moctezuma-Ramirez , Y. Wang , S. Jang , Y. Lu , S. Patel , X. Wang , Y. Tao , J. Weygant , C. Garciamendez-Mijares , L. C. Orrantia Clark , M. Zubair , X. Lian , A. Elgalad , J. Yang , C. Hochman-Mendez , Y. S. Zhang , C. Yu

    † Equal contribution

    Science Advances · 11(4), eadt7210 (2025)

    Details PDF DOI
    Two-step process for making bioprinted optoelectronically active cardiac tissue: bioprinting a bioink of microscale solar cells suspended in GelMA into an optoelectronically active scaffold, then seeding it with cardiomyocytes, with insets of the printed micro-solar cells and cells.

Prior to University of Houston faculty appointment

2024

  1. 26 A rubbery bio-optoelectronic stimulator (RBOES) laminated onto a porcine heart, with an exploded view showing its gold nanomesh electrode layered over a rubbery semiconducting nanofilm.

2023

  1. 25 Schematic of a ballpoint pen hand-drawing conductive and perovskite inks—stacked silver-nanowire, PEI, perovskite, and PEDOT:PSS layers—onto flexible paper, with photographs of the drawn device and a green-emitting perovskite pixel.
  2. 24 Illustration of a mouse with a conducting-polymer hydrogel interface, showing stable electrophysiological recordings from the heart on days 0 and 28 and effective electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve on days 0 and 56.
  3. 23 Illustration of liquid-metal electronic skin painted in situ onto skin tissue to form conformable bio-electrodes across a person’s head, neck, and chest, with an inset showing the gallium-oxide-coated liquid-metal microstructure and air holes.
  4. 22 Schematic of near-infrared imaging in which laser NIR light passes through a patterned mask onto a flexible organic photodetector array, which reconstructs the masked pattern as a display.
  5. 21 Eight forearm renderings showing color-coded high-density electromyography voltage maps from a drawn-on-skin electrode array as the hand performs different finger flexion and extension gestures.

2022

  1. 20 Exploded schematic of an elastic transistor array stack, with an ion-gel conductive-rubber gate, micromesh-structured LPSM-1 rubbery semiconductor films, AuNP–AgNW/PDMS electrodes, and conductive rubber paste connecting the data-recording and signal-collection layers.
  2. 19 Grid of phase-contrast micrographs at 500 and 100 micrometer scales showing cardiomyocyte cultures reorganizing into networked, Purkinje-like cell structures at successive stages of reprogramming.
  3. 18 Schematic of a stretchable reconfigurable synaptic transistor with an N2200 and s-CNT bilayer semiconductor, converting presynaptic voltage pulses into excitatory (EPSC) and inhibitory (IPSC) postsynaptic current responses.
  4. 17 Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained skin cross-sections on days 1, 2, and 3 comparing untreated control skin with skin coated in drawn-on-skin ink, showing no adverse tissue changes and confirming the ink’s biocompatibility.
  5. 16 Layered schematic of a transparent skin-mountable hyperthermia patch made of PDMS, PVA, a silver nanofiber network, and PVP, with a micrograph of the silver nanofibers, a photo of the transparent patch over a rose, and a figure showing it applied to the wrist, elbow, shoulder, knee, ankle, and waist.
  6. 15 Photograph of a transparent fully rubbery epicardial bioelectronic patch with labeled components, including a thin-film-transistor array, a mechanoelectrical transducer, a strain sensor, and a temperature sensor and heater underneath.
  7. 14 Cross-sectional diagrams of skin through the stages of wound healing—fibrin clot, eschar and granulation tissue, and remodeling—paired with a graph of neutrophil, macrophage, fibroblast, and lymphocyte populations across the inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling phases.

2021

  1. 13 Schematic linking high-performance photovoltaic materials (PM6 and Y6 molecular structures) to a flexible organic solar cell that powers skin-worn biomedical devices on a forearm.

2020

  1. 12 Exploded schematic of a fully rubbery epicardial bioelectronic patch, layering a PDMS substrate and encapsulation, AgNW/PDMS interconnects, ion-gel-gated P3HT-nanofiber/PDMS transistors, and AuNP–AgNW/PDMS sensing electrodes into an active-matrix mapping array.
  2. 11 A soft robotic hand made from fully rubbery integrated electronics resting on a forearm, with an integrated temperature sensor labeled on one fingertip.
  3. 10 A mesh-patterned soft electronic sheet at center linking two applications: human–machine interfaces, shown as a skin device controlling a robotic hand, and health monitors, shown as a skin-worn patch on a forearm sensing pulse, SpO2, EMG, and temperature.
  4. 9 A multifunctional drawn-on-skin device on a forearm with labeled components, including transistors, a resistor, and strain, temperature, electrophysiological, and skin-hydration sensors plus a heater, alongside an inset of the fabricated circuit.
  5. 8 Atomic force microscopy images of the stretchable conductor’s nanowire network aligning as strain increases from 0 to 50 percent, alongside photographs of the rubbery material being stretched to 50 percent and twisted.
  6. 7 Schematic of a soft active-matrix array on a curved substrate, showing rows of transistor-and-capacitor pixel cells addressed by word lines and bit lines.

2019

  1. 6 Fabrication schematic of a single-cell sensor: source and drain electrodes bridged by a reduced graphene oxide channel that is functionalized with FeTCP, with a single living cell placed on top for detection of released nitric oxide.
  2. 5 Schematic of a stretchable artificial synapse system in which a rubbery mechanoreceptor sensing a press generates presynaptic pulses that the transistor converts into postsynaptic currents, mapped as “signal on/off” outputs integrated with the human nervous system.
  3. 4 Schematic of the conformal additive stamp printing process in which a balloon stamp picks up a flat silicon device array and transfers it onto a hemispherical shell, with micrographs and strain maps of the resulting three-dimensional curvy electronics.
  4. 3 An ultrathin, imperceptible multifunctional human–machine-interface device laminated onto a forearm, with a magnified inset revealing its fine gold sensor and electrode array.
  5. 2 Labeled anatomical diagram of the heart’s chambers, valves, and major vessels above a sequence showing atrial and ventricular depolarization and repolarization mapped to the P, QRS, and T waves of an ECG trace.

2018

  1. 1 Labeled diagram of the brain’s cortical regions and their functions above a brain–computer interface pipeline running from data acquisition through preprocessing and classification to application.